Preparing for Surgery: A Patient’s Guide

Preparing for a surgical procedure involves more than just showing up at the hospital on the scheduled day. Proper preparation is crucial to reduce risks, improve outcomes, and ensure a smooth recovery. This article provides an essential checklist for patients, including important steps like obtaining cardiac clearance, completing a history and physical examination, and managing medications.

Why Preparation is Important

Surgical preparation is not only about logistics but also about optimizing your health to reduce potential complications. Research indicates that preoperative assessments and clearances help identify risk factors and improve surgical outcomes (Johnston et al., 2020).

Pre-Surgery Checklist for Patients

1. Confirm Preoperative Testing and Clearances

Cardiac Clearance

• Who needs it? Patients with a history of heart disease, those over a certain age, or those undergoing major surgery may need cardiac clearance.
• What to do: Consult your primary care provider (PCP) or cardiologist to determine if testing, such as an EKG or stress test, is required (American College of Cardiology, 2022).

History and Physical Examination (H&P)

• Why is it needed? An H&P ensures your overall health status is evaluated before surgery.
• When to schedule: This exam should typically be done within 30 days of the procedure (Johnston et al., 2020).
• Who performs it? Your primary care provider or a designated healthcare professional.

2. Review Medications

Medications to Hold or Adjust

• Blood Thinners (e.g., Warfarin, Aspirin): These may increase bleeding risks and might need to be stopped several days before surgery (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2021).
• Diabetes Medications: You might need to adjust your insulin or oral medications to avoid low blood sugar.
• Herbal Supplements and Vitamins: Some, like St. John’s Wort or Vitamin E, can interfere with anesthesia or increase bleeding (Johnston et al., 2020).

Consult with Your Provider

• Action item: Provide a complete list of all medications, including prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements.
• Double-check: Verify with your healthcare team which medications to hold and when to restart them.

3. Arrange for Transportation and Postoperative Care

• Transportation: Arrange for someone to take you to and from the hospital, as you will not be allowed to drive after anesthesia.
• Home Care: Depending on the type of surgery, you may need assistance with daily activities. Plan for help if needed.

4. Follow Preoperative Instructions

• Fasting: Follow instructions regarding when to stop eating and drinking before surgery.
• Hygiene: You may be asked to shower with a specific antibacterial soap.
• What to Bring: Ensure you have identification, insurance information, and a list of medications.

5. Confirm Insurance Coverage

• Pre-authorization: Verify with your insurance company whether preauthorization is needed for the procedure.
• Out-of-Pocket Costs: Understand your financial responsibilities, including copays and deductibles.

6. Prepare Your Home for Recovery

• Create a Safe Environment: If mobility will be limited, consider setting up a comfortable recovery area on the first floor.
• Stock Up: Have easy-to-prepare meals, medications, and necessary supplies readily available.

Being well-prepared for surgery can significantly impact your recovery process and overall outcome. By following this checklist and communicating openly with your healthcare providers, you can minimize risks and set yourself up for a successful surgical experience.

References

• American College of Cardiology. (2022). Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment. Retrieved from www.acc.org
• American Society of Anesthesiologists. (2021). Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Retrieved from www.asahq.org
• Johnston, M. J., Cook, C. H., & Thompson, M. J. (2020). The Impact of Preoperative Assessment on Surgical Outcomes. Journal of Surgery, 15(3), 204-212.